Hemocytopoiesis and microelements metabolism’s indices in calves under the inﬂ uence of national vitamin-amino-acid complex

Рукопис отримано: 06.10.2019р. Прийнято: 03.11.2019р. Затверджено до друку: 17.12.2019р. In Ukrainian veterinary medicine the study of the eff ectiveness of new complex drugs remains relevant. The eff ect of the vitamin-mineral complex "Alphabet for Animals" on the state of hemocytopoiesis and the microelements metabolism in calves of 1.5‒2.5 months of age were studied. The composition of this drug includes the biologically active substances: vitamins A, D3, E, B1, B3, B5, B6, B12, K3 and essential amino-acids: DL-methionine, L-lysine and arginine. It is used in farm animals and poultry for the normalization of hemocytopoiesis, the prevention and treatment of vitamins and trace elements metabolism’s disorders. In the fi rst week of drug administration, the number of erythrocytes in the experimental animals group has increased signifi cantly (p<0.05) and after its second feeding, the positive eff ect on erythrocytopoiesis in calves has became even greater (p<0.001), compared to the calves in control group. The level of hemoglobin in calves of experimental group also increased signifi cantly from the beginning of the drug to the end of the experiment, whereas in calves of the control group there was a tendency to decrease its level throughout the all experiment. The color index and erythrocyte saturation by hemoglobin (MCH) at the fi rst and second blood samples were signifi cantly decreased (p<0.05) in control calves group, whereas in animals of experimental group there was no signifi cant diff erence between these parameters (p<0.1). The average volume of red blood cells did not diff er between control and test calves during the experiment (р<0.1). Under the drugs infl uence the Ferum blood content in calves of experimental group increased by 24.2 %. In the control calves group, this tendency was not so noticeable (the increase of Ferum serum level at the end of experiment was only +7.8 % (p<0.1), compared to the initial indices). The Zinc metabolism, on the contrary, has not undergone signifi cant changes. The Cuprum serum level in experimental calves group remained always signifi cantly higher than in control animals group. “Alphabet for Animals” has a positive eff ect on hemocytopoiesis in calves due to its complex composition (fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, aminoacids) and improves the metabolism of microelements, including Ferum and Cuprum. The infl uence on these processes the vitamins of B group, which are a part of this drug, we consider especially valuable in the conditions of the unformed rumen digestion in young cattle.

The purpose of our work is to study the eff ect of the vitamin-mineral complex "Alphabet for Animals" on the state of hemocytopoiesis and the metabolism of microelements in calves of 1.5-2.5 months of age.
At the beginning of the research, two calves groups of 10 animals each were formed under the analogues principle. Before the drug administration, the blood samples from both groups (hereinafter the control and experimental ones) were selected for laboratory testing.
Research results. Analysis of the results of the study at the fi rst blood sampling showed that the content of red blood cells in calves had no signifi cant diff erence (p<0,1) and calves in the control group was 6.3±0,19 T/l (Lim -5,2-7,1 T/l) and 6,3±0,22 T/l -in animals of the experimental group (Lim -5,1-7,2 T/l).
The drug "Alphabet for Animals" was drunk with water at a dose of 2 ml per 1 liter of water daily during 7 days to the calves of the experimental group. After a week-long break, the drug giving was continued with taking blood for the second time, according to the same scheme and for a week break blood was collected from calves for the third time.
Analysis of the results of the blood test showed that changes of the erythrocytes number in calves of the control group during the experiment were not signifi cantly (p<0.1). The number of erythrocytes in calves of the experimental group changed signifi cantly more interestingly. Thus, in the fi rst week of drinking, the number of erythrocytes in animals in this group increased signifi cantly (p<0.05) from 6.3±0.22 to 7.1±0.22 T/l. The second drug's feeding caused more positive eff ect on erythrocytopoiesis. In particular, the number of erythrocytes in these calves was signifi cantly (p<0.001) increased to 7.4±0.13 T/l, which was also signifi cantly (p<0.01) greater than in the calves in control group after the end of the experiment (6.5±0.24 T/l fi g. 1). This is confi rmed by the dynamics of the hemoglobin blood concentration in calves of the experimental group. In particular, after the drug's administration the hemoglobin blood level in calves of both groups did not diff er (p˂0.1), and weekly drinking of the drug caused a pronounced tendency (p˂0.05) to increase the concentration of hemoglobin from 99.4±4.15 to 111,0±3.08 g/l. The second feeding of the drug allowed the calves of the experimental group to keep this index at 111,1±3,26 g/l, which was signifi cantly better compared to the animals of the control group (96,3±2,46 g/l; p<0,01 fi g. 2). At the same time, throughout the experiment, we observed a tendency to decrease the hemoglobin concentration in the blood of the control group. Such changes of this index can be explained by the processes of replacement of fetal hemoglobin with hemoglobin in adult animals, which is a common physiological phenomenon. And the increase of hemoglobin blood concentration in calves of the experimental group indicates a positive stimulating eff ect of the drug on hemoglobin synthesis in this life period of animals. In our opinion, Cyanocobalamin, which is the part of the "Alphabet for Animals", is the direct stimulator of hemocytopoiesis.
It is quite diffi cult to give an objective characterization of erythrocytopoiesis in general without indicators of hematocrit, which allows us to make conclusions not only about the state of erythrocytopoiesis, but also is objective for assessing the degree of animal dehydration and the relative changes of blood parameters against this background.
Analysis of the results of animal blood tests we obtained showed that there were no changes in hematocrit level which is a characteristic of a dehydrated organism. This is confi rmed by the fact that the calves of the control group showed only a tendency to decrease the hematocrit from 34.3±0.84% to 31.1±0.5% throughout the study (р<0.1). Dehydration was not observed in the animals of the experimental group, but the ratio of liquid blood to its shaped elements in these animals was more stable. During the whole experiment, this index in calves of the experimental group did not change and did not diff er from the index in the animals of the control group (33.3±1.17 at the beginning and 33.6±0.81% -at the end of the experiment (Table 1).
It is known that the hematocrit level is depend on the number of red blood cells, the degree of body dehydration, the average volume of red blood cells and other factors. In this case, it is worth noting that we have not established a signifi cant diff erence in the average erythrocyte volume in calves of the control and experimental groups (54.5±1.57 and 52.9±2.23 μm 3 in the fi rst blood sampling (p˂0,1), 49.3±1.06 and 46.7±1.19 -the second (p˂0.1) and 48.0±1.45 and 45.2±0.58 μm 3the third blood sampling (p˂0,1).
It is known that excessive stimulation of erythrocytopoiesis to be accompanied by polycythemia and microcytosis. Therefore, it can be argued that the drug "Alphabet for Animals" has erythrocytopoiesis stimulatory properties for calves without adverse development of microcytic phenomena, because the changes in MCV are similar in animals of both groups and are age and physiological.
In support of our opinion, color blood index -Color Index and MCH was testifi ed. At the beginning of the experiment, CI -1.0±0.03 in control versus 1.0±0.05 in the experiment (p<0.1) and erythrocyte saturation with hemoglobin (16.0±0.5 pg -in control and 15,8±0.74 pg -in experiment (p<0,1) the total number of erythrocytes in calves of both groups did not diff er.
At the same time, it should be noted that the color index and erythrocyte saturation with hemoglobin (MCH) in calves of the control group for the fi rst and second blood sampling were signifi cantly decreased (р<0.05) from 1.0±0.03 (CI) and from 15.8±0.74 pg (MCH) to 0.9±0.02 and 14.3±0.36 pg (p<0.05), respectively, whereas in the animals of the experimental group there was no signifi cant diff erence in these indices: CI practically did not change from 1.0±0.05 at the beginning to 1.0±0.04, and MCH -from 15.8±0.84 to 15.8±0.62 pg -after the second blood collection (p <0.1).
According to the description it is known that the vitamin-amino acid complex "Alphabet for animals" in its composition does not contain trace elements. However, our research has identifi ed some positive changes in the metabolism of certain trace elements, including Ferum, Zinc and Cuprum.
Analysis of the laboratory study results of Ferum serum level in calves has showed that in the body of young cattle under the infl uence of the drug improves the metabolism of this microelement. In particular, after the fi rst feeding of the drug "Alphabet for Animals" the Ferum serum level in calves of the experimental group increased from 102.4±5.05 µg/100 ml at the beginning to 127.2±4.72 µg/100 ml at the end of the experiment (+ 24,25%), which indicates a ° -compared to indices of control group 1 and 2 sampling; °° -compared to indices of control group 1 and 3 sampling; ' -compared to the indices of experimental group 1 and 2 sampling; '' -compared to the indices of the experimental group 1 and 3 sampling; * -compared to indices of control and experimental groups 1 sampling; ** -compared to indices of control and experimental groups 3 sampling. tendency to increase its content, then at the same time in the calves of the control group the trend was not so noticeable (increase the Ferum level at the end of the experiment was only + 7,8% (p<0,1) compared to the beginning indices.
The metabolism of another microelements -Zinc, under the infl uence of the "Alphabet for Animals", on the contrary, did not have signifi cant changes. This is evidenced by the results of a laboratory blood test, according to which the indices of Zinc serum level in calves of both groups did not diff er at the beginning and after the end of the experiment (p<0,1). Therefore, the testing drug does not have a positive eff ect on the Zinc metabolism in young cattle.
The most noticeable changes during the period of the experiment occurred in the exchange of Cuprum, which occupies a noticeable position in the processes of hematopoiesis in animals, they were similar, but not unambiguous. It should be noted that before testing, the level of this microelement in the calves of the control and experimental groups was quite high and was equal 103.5±3.74 µg/100 ml and 100.9±3.18 µg/100 ml, respectively, and the diff erence between them was not signifi cant (p<0.1). According to the second and third blood sampling of calves of the control group, the level of Cuprum decreased signifi cantly, compared to the initial data, the diff erence was almost -33% (p<0,001). The Cuprum blood level in calves of the experimental group has also decreased, but the diff erence from the beginning of the experiment was not so signifi cant (-16.6%, p<0.01). Despite the fact that these changes were parallel in the animals of both groups, at the end of the experiment a signifi cant diff erence remained between the indices in the animals of the experimental and control groups. In addition, the Cuprum serum level in calves of the experimental group always remained signifi cantly higher than in the animals of the control group (Table 2). Notes: р< -the criterion of probability; ° -compared to indices of control group 1 and 2 sampling; °° -compared to indices of control group 1 and 3 sampling; ' -compared to the indices of experimental group 1 and 2 sampling; '' -compared to the indices of the experimental group 1 and 3 sampling; * -compared to indices of control and experimental groups 1 sampling; ** -compared to indices of control and experimental groups 3 sampling.
the experience was mainly due to the infl uence of Vitamin B 12 , which is the part of the drug. And the confi rmation of this phenomenon is the dynamics of increase the hemoglobin blood level in calves of the experimental group. In our opinion, Cyanocobalamin, which is the part of the "Alphabet for Animals", is a direct stimulator of hemocytopoiesis. At the same time, the hematocrit level and the average erythrocyte volume during the experiment did not undergo signifi cant change in calves of both groups, although it is known that excessive stimulation of erythrocytopoiesis is accompanied by polycythemia and microcytosis, and thus changes of these indices (Ht, MCV). Therefore, it can be argued that the test drug stimulates erythrocytopoiesis in calves without adverse development of microcytic phenomena in them.
The microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn) metabolism in calves under the infl uence of the "Alphabet for Animals" had the largest positive changes in the side of Cuprum, slightly smaller -Ferum and no changes according the Zinc level, although it is known that these microelements was not included in the drug. It is obvious that other biologically active substances that are the part of the vitaminmineral complex, in particular B vitamins, namely Cyanocobalamin (B 12 ), have a positive eff ect on the Cuprum and Ferum metabolism.
Conclusions. 1. Vitamin and amino acid complex "Alphabet for Animals" has hematopoietic properties, as evidenced by the increase in the total number of erythrocytes (from 6,3±0,22 (p˂0,05) to 7,4±0,13 Т/l (p<0,001) and the hemoglobin level (p˂0,05), without causing Thus, the drug "Alphabet for Animals" has a positive eff ect on the Ferum metabolism in calves, practically does not change the Zinc level and has some eff ect on the Cuprum metabolism.
Discussion. There are many vitamin preparations and vitamin-mineral complexes on the market, the use of which primarily involves not only ensuring the health of animals, but also maintaining their high productivity. Therefore, it is important for veterinary medicine doctors to ensure that the animal body is provided with nutrients and biologically active substances that are poorly absorbed or poorly absorbed in the diet.
For more eff ective use of a drug it is important to study its eff ects on animals in general and metabolism in particular.
We found that "Alphabet for Animals" had a positive eff ect on erythrocytopoiesis in calves, as the number of erythrocytes in animals in the experimental group was signifi cantly increased (p<0.001). The likely positive eff ect of this drug on the state of erythrocytopoiesis throughout 10. Arthington J.D., Spears J.W. Eff ects of tribasic copper chloride versus copper sulfate provided in corn-and molasses-based supplements on forage intake and copper status of beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 2007. no. 85. Р. 871-876. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006 11. Enjalbert F., Lebreton P., Salat O. Eff ects of copper, zinc and selenium status on performance and health in commercial dairy and beef herds: retrospective study. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2006. no. 90. Р. 459-466. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006 12. Selenium addition to colostrum increases immunoglobulin g absorption by newborn calves / H. Kamada et all. J. Dairy Sci. 2007. no. 90. Р. 5665-5670. Doi: https:// doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007 14. Eff ect of the application of bioplexes of zinc, copper and manganese on milk quality and composition of milk and colostrum and some indices of the blood metabolic profi le of cows / S. Kinal1 et all. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 2007Sci. . no. 52. 2007 2. The "Alphabet for Animals" complex has a positive eff ect on hemocytopoiesis in calves due to its complex composition (fat-soluble and watersoluble vitamins, amino acids). Therefore, we consider the infl uence on this process of vitamins B, which are a part of the complex, especially valuable in the conditions of the unformed rumen digestion in young cattle.
3. The "Alphabet for Animals" improves microelements' metabolism, as evidenced by the increase the Ferum blood level, the stability of Zinc level and probably greater Cuprum serum level in calves of the experimental group.