You are here
Alimentar factors are the basis of internal polymethabolic pathology in ewes
Sheep are the only species of the farm animals, from which the most various products could be obtained, such as wool,
sheepskin, stripes, nutritional lamb and mutton, milk, cheese, fat. From lambs slaughtered for strips the abomasum is used to
produce the rennet ferment which is used for the production technology of different cheese varieties. From the skins of Ro-
manov sheep breed is made the famous fur coats. Sheep’s milk and its products by the richness and variety of products are
unparalleled among other foodstuffs. The sheep milk is always valued for its high medicinal properties and is widely used for
gastrointestinal disorders in infants beneficial to the sick liver, prevents myocardial infarction, containing hormone longevity.
Mutton is an important sheep product.
There is not a significant difference between lamb, beef and pork by essential amino acids composition and quantity
staff. The abovementioned quality of sheep products combined with ruggedness sheep to the feed circumstances has led to
the widespread of this industry on all the continents. Since the ancient times, on the territory of Ukraine big attention was
devoted to the development of the sheep industry. Nowadays, the sheep industry meets its crisis: the sheep livestock was
reduced it 10 times, the production and reproduction indexes decreased in 1,5–2 times, the planned market economy was;
marked and s distribution system of the sheep industry are not well managed.
The aim of the researchers is to study the feeding of the pregnant ewes in five areas of Lugansk region considering the
essential content of trace elements in the feed and its influence on the polymetabolitic pathology.
The mission was performed in five districts of the Lugansk region Lutugino, Slovyanoserbs’k, Krasnodon, Markivka and
Troitsk. The first one belongs to the southern province, the next two and the last two to the central and north respectively.
Alfalfa and sainfoin hay was used for feeding only in one farm. The content of copper, zinc and especially manganese in
the alfalfa hay was higher comparing to the table data (manganese - in 2,33 times), in the sainfoin hay the biggest difference
was in zinc except the manganese: its content was 2,75 times higher. The high level of all microelements comparing to the
table data was in millet and wheat straw, middlings and corn, barley, sunflower meal, bran and corn silage, and two elements
in the mixed grass hay meadow, grass hay sudan, middlings wheat and oats.
The copper content was higher in 12 of the 19 tested feeds comparing to the table data manganese and zinc in 18. These
results indicate the soil contamination of the Luhansk region by the tested microelements. The copper content was higher in
sunflower meal (26,4 mg/kg) and in maize bran (14,1), manganese in the corn bran (196,7), in the millet straw (91,6) and
mixed grass hay meadow (873,3) and lucerne (83,6), zinc in the corn bran (136,8) and sainfoin hay (58,4 mg/g).
Only 5 out of 19 tested feeds contain of the microelements that meet the table data except lowest one (cooper, manga-
nese or zinc) and only two in the oatmeal – cooper and zinc.
The content of the essential microelements in other samples was higher compared to the table data.
The general disadvantages of the ewes’ feeding belonging to the different technological groups are the following: imper-
fect diet structure, high content of the dry matter, the low concentration of energy, crude and digestible protein easy ferment-
ed carbohydrates, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, sometimes iodine, high content of calcium, potassium,
magnesium and iron in 1 kg of dry substance of the ration feeds.
For the first time the ewes need in starch was calculated, and the following ratio was detailed: sugar and protein, starch+
sugar protein and starch+sugar and fiber.
Based on the integrated diagnostic tests (clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, macromorphological) hepatodystrophy, hepato-
renal and hepato-osteodystrophy syndromes, nephrosis, osteodystrophy and microelementosis were detected. The proportion
of each depends on the ewes’ physiological condition: pregnant, lactating, nonpregnant.
Key words: ewes pregnant, feeding ratio, dry substance, energy, protein, starch, sugar, fiber, micro- and microelements.
К.: Agrarna nauka, 2006. – 614 p.
2. Moroz V.A. Ovcevodstvo i kozovodstvo / V.A. Moroz. – Stavropol, 2005. – 496 p.
3. Sukharlyov V.O. Vivcharstvo / V.О. Sukharlyov, О.P. Derevyanko. – Kharkiv: Espada, 2004. – 256 p.
4. Vinnychuk D.T. Vivtsi – tse ne til’ky dobra vovna… galuz’ vivcharstva zaslugovuye pelshochergovoyi pidtrymky /
D.T. Vinnychuk // Zdorovya tvaryn i liky. – 2003. – № 7. – P. 8–9.
5. Fiziologo-biokhimichni osnovy zhyvlennya ovets’ / [Stapay P.V., Makar І.А., Gavrylyak V.V. et al.] – Lviv: Leo-
Blank, 2007. – 98 p.
6. Mogylnytska S. Molochna produktyvnist’ vivtsematok askaniys’koyi karakul’s’koyi porody / S. Mogylnytska //
Tvarynnytsvo Ukrayiny. – 2012. – № 1. – P. 12–15.
7. Petryshyn М.А. Napryamy stvorennya konkurentnozdatnogo vivcharstva v Zakhidnomu regioni / М.А. Petryshyn //
Vivcharstvo. – Kyiv: Agrarna nauka, 1998. – № 29. – P. 48–54.
8. Tsekhmistrenko S.І. Biokhimiya myasa ta myasoproduktiv / S.І. Tsekhmistrenko, О.S. Tsekhmistrenko. – Bila
Tserkva, 2014. – 192 p.
9. Pol’s’ka P. Innovatsiynyi selektsiynyi potentsial askaniys’koyi myaso-vovnovoyi porody z krosbrednoyu vovnoyu /
P. Pol’s’ka // Tvarynnytstvo Ukrayiny. – 2013. – № 6. – P. 16–19.
10. Bezhenar І.М. Organizatsiyno-ekonomichni zasady rozvytku vivcharstva v Ukrayini: istorychnyi rakurs / І.М. Be-
zhenar // Ekonomika АPК. – 2011. – № 9. – P. 65–70.
11. Senchuk I.V. Profilaktyka ketoza I gepatodistrofii ovtsematok s ispol’zovaniyem lechebno-profilakticheskoy dobavki /
I.V. Senchuk // Visnyk Bilotserkiv. Derzhav. Agrar. Un-tu: Zb. nauk. prac’. – Bila Tserkva, 2008. – Is. 51. – P. 122–126.
12. Kondrakhin I.P. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsyi po diagnostike, lecheniyu i profilaktike ketoza i gepatodistrofii ov-
tsematok / I.P. Kondrakhin, I.V. Senchuk. – Simferopol’, 2008. – 16 p.
13. Chernushkin B.O. Patogenez, diagnostyka ta likuvannya ovets’, khvorykh na gepatodystrophiyu: avtoref. dys. na zdo-
buttya nauk. stupenya kand. vet. nauk.: spets. 16.00.01 «Diagnostyka i terapiya tvaryn» / B.O. Chernushkin. – Kyiv, 2013. – 21 p.
14. Braun G.P. Clinical Biochemistry in Sheep: A Selected Review / G.P. Braun, C. Trumel, P. Bezille // Small Rumi-
nant Research. – 2010. – Vol. 92, Is. 1–3. – P. 10–18.
15. Schlumbohm C. Hypocalciemia Reduces Endogenous Glucose Production in Hypoketonemic Sheep /
C. Schlumbohm, J. Harmeyer // J. Dairy Sci. – 2003. – Vol. 86. – P. 1953–1962.
16. Bond Strength of an Alkylene Bis(Dilactoyl)-Methacrylate Bone Adhesive: a Biomechanical Evaluation in Sheep /
[Heiss C., Schettler N., Wenisch S. et al.] // J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. – 2010. – Vol. 21 (10). – P. 1345–1358.
17. Effects of Environmental Pollutants on the Reproduction and Welfare on Ruminants / [Rhind S.M., Evans N.P.,
Bellingham M. et al.] // Animal. – 2010. – Vol. 4 (7). – P. 1227–1239.
18. Normy godivli, ratsiony i pozhyvnist’ kormiv dlya rizvykh vydiv sil’s’kogospodars’kykh tvaryn: reference book /
[Provatorov G.V., Ladyka V.І., Bondarchuk L.V.; under edition of V.О. Provatorovoyi]. – Sumy: Universytets’ka knyga,
2009. – 489 p.
19. Teoriya i praktyka normovanoyigodivli velykoyi rogatoyi khudoby: monografiya / [Bogdanov G.О., Kandyba V.М.,
Ibatullin І.І. et al.] under edition of V.М. Kandyba, І.І. Ibatullin, V.І. Kostenko. – Zhytomyr: PP Ruta, 2012. – 860 p.
20. Praktykum z gobivli sil’s’kogospodars’kykh tvaryn / [Ibatullin І.І., Chygryn А.І., Otchenashko V.V. et al.]; under
edition of academic І.І. Ibatullin. – Zhytomyr: Polissya, 2013. – 442 p.
21. Yanovych V.G. Biologichni osnovy transformatsiyi pozhyvnykh rechovyn u zhuynykh tvaryn / V.G. Yanovych,
L.І. Sologub. – L’viv: Triada plus, 2000. – 384 p. Науковий вісник ветеринарної медицини, 2'2015.
22. Vlizlo V.V. Zhyrovyi gepatoz u vysokoproduktyvnykh koriv: avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya doktora
vet. nauk: spets. 16.00.01 «Diagnostyka i terapiya tvaryn» / V.V. Vlizlo. – К., 1998. – 34 p.
23. Sharandak P.V. Etiologiya, kliniko-funktsional’ni metody diagnostyky miokardiodystrofiyi u vysoko produktyv-
nykh koriv ta yikh likuvannya: avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kandydata vet. nauk: spets. 16.00.01 «Diagnostyka i
terapiya tvaryn» / P.V. Sharandak. – Bila Tserkva, 2007. – 22 p.
24. Vovkotrub N.V. Nefrotychnyi syndrome u vysokoproduktyvnykh koriv і novonarodzhenykh telyat (patogenez, di-
agnostyka i likuvannya): avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kandydata vet. nauk: spets. 16.00.01 «Diagnostyka i tera-
piya tvaryn» / N.V. Vovkotrub. – Bila Tserkva, 2005.– 22 p.
25. Effect of Different Fat Sources on in vitro Degradation of Nutrients and Certain Blood Parameters in Sheep / [Febel H.,
Husveth F., Veresegyhazy T. et al.] // Acta Vet. Hungarica. – 2002. – № 50 (2). – P. 217–229.
26. Veterynarna klinichna biokhimiya / [Levchenko V.I., Vlizlo V.V., Kondrakhin I.P. et al.]; under edition of
V.І. Levchenko and V.L. Galyas. – Bila Tserkva, 2002. – 400 p.
27. Vitamin D і kostnaya sistema / [Gayko G.V., Kalashnikov Аn.V., Brusko А.Т. et al.] – К.: Knyga plus, 2008. – 176 p.
28. Vplyv vitaminiv D 3 and Е na mineral’nyi obmin u riznykh tkanynakh / [Apukhovs’ka L.I., Vasylevs’ka V.M., Be-
zusyak А.І., et al.] // Visnyk Bilotserkiv. derzhav. agrar. un-tu. – Bila Tserkva, 2006. – Is. 40. – P. 13–24.
29. Revised Model for Studying Phosphorus and Calcium Kinetics in Growing Sheep / [Dias R.S., Kebreab E.,
Vitti D.M.S.S. et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. – 2006. – Vol. 84. – P. 2787–2794.
30. Berlin T. On the regulatory importance of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and dietary calcium on serum levels of 1, 25-
dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in rats / T. Berlin, I. Bjorkhem // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. – 1987. – Vol. 144, № 2. –
P. 1055–1058.
31. Apukhovs’ka L.І. Mekhanizmy regulyatsiyi obminu kal’tsiyu v organizmi / Apukhovs’ka L.I., Antonenko L.V.,
Nikiforova Т.М. // Visnyk Bilotserkiv. derzh. un-tu. – Bila Tserkva, 2003. – Is. 25, P. 2. – P. 3–11.
32. Dietary calcium modifies concentrations of lead and other metals and renal calbildin in rats / [Bogden J.D., Gertner S.B.,
Christacos S. et al.] // J. Nutr. – 1992. – Vol. 122, № 7. – P. 1351–1360.
33. Pond W.G. Response of large and medium frame beef steers to protein and zinc finishing diet supplementation of a
corn silage-corn / W.G. Pond, R.R. Oltjen // Nutr. Rep. Int. – 1988. – Vol. 38. – P. 737–743.
34. Cwiek Agnieszka. Effect of energy supplements in rations on rumen metabolism in sheep / Agnieszka Cwiek,
Franciszek Borowiec // Scientific Messenger of Lviv National Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after S.Z. Gzhytskyj.
– 2004. – T. 6 (№ 2), P. 2, Lviv. – P. 155–159.
35. Ianello S. Hypomagnesemia / S. Ianello, F. Belfiore // Panminerva Med. – 2001. – Vol. 43. – P. 177–209.
36. Martens H. Pathophysiology of grass tetany and other hypomagnesemias / H. Martens, M. Schweigel // Metab.
Disorders Rumnants. – 2000. – Vol. 16, № 2. – P. 339–368.
37. Odette O. Grass tetany in herd of beef cows / O. Odette // Can. Vet. J. – 2005. – Vol. 46, N 8. – P. 732–734.
38. Apparent magnesium absorption in dry cows fed at 3 level of potassium and 2 level of magnesium intake / [Jitta-
khot S., Schonewille J.T., Wouterse H. et al.] // J. Dairy Sci. – 2004. – Vol. 87, № 2. – P. 379–385.
39. Biokhimichni osnovy normuvannya mineral’nogo zhyvlennya velykoyi rogatoyi hudoby. 1. Makroelementy /
[Vlizlo V.V., Sologub L.І., Yanovych V.G. et al.] // Biologiya tvaryn. – L’viv, 2006. – Т. 8, № 1–2. – P. 19–40.
40. Yano H. Effects of Dietary Calcium Levels on Concentration and Solubility of Macrominerals in the Digestive
Tract of Sheep / H. Yano // J. Anim. Sci. – 1979. – Vol. 48. – P. 954–960.
41. Biokhimichni osnovy normuvannya mineral’nogo zhyvlennya velykoyi rogatoyi hudoby. 1. Makroelementy /
[Vlizlo V.V., Sologub L.І., Yanovych V.G. et al.] // Biologiya tvaryn. – L’viv, 2006. – Т. 8, № 1–2. – P. 41–62.
42. Sologub L.I. Rol’ midi v organizmi tvaryn / Sologub L.І., Antonyak G.L., Stefanyshyn О.М. // Biologiya tvaryn. –
2004. – Т. 6, № 1–2. – P. 64–76.
43. Copper Status and enzyme, hormone, vitamin and immune function in heifers / [Sharma M.C., Joshi C., Pat-
nak N.N.et al.] // Res. Vet. Sci. – 2005. – Vol. 79, № 2. – P. 113–123.
44. Rink L. Zinc-altered function and cytokine production / L. Rink, H. Kirchner // J. Nutr. – 2000. – Vol. 130. –
P. 1407S–1411S.
45. Powell S.R. The antioxidant properties of zinc / S.R. Powell // J. Nutr. – 2000. – Vol. 130. – P. 1447S–1454S.
46. Perry D.K. Zinc is a protein inhibitor of the apoptic protease, caspase-3 / Perry D.K., Smyth M.J., Stennicke H.R. //
J. Biol. Chem. – 1997. – Vol. 272, Is. 30. – P. 18530–18533.
47. Phillippo M. The effect of dietary molybdenum and iron on copper status and growth in cattle / M. Phillippo,
W.R. Himphries, P.H. Garthwaite // J. Agr. Sci. Camb. – 1987. – Vol. 109. – P. 315–320.
48. Kennedy D.G. Effects of low concentrations of dietary cobalt on rumen succinate concentrations in sheep / Kenne-
dy D.G., Kennedy S., Young P.B. // Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. – 1996. – Vol. 66. – P. 86–92.
49. Influence of dietary cobalt source and concentration on performance, vitamin B 12 status, and ruminal and plasma
metabolities in growing and finishing steers / [Tiffany M.E., Spears J.W., Xsi L., Horton J.] // J. Anim. Sci. – 2003. – Vol. 81. –
Р. 3151–3159.
50. Radostits O.M. Veterinary Medicine / O.M. Radostits, D.C. Blood, C.C. Gay. – 8
th ed. Bailliere Tindall, 1994. – 1763 p.
51. Antonyak G.L. Biokhimichna ta geokhimichna rol’ yodu: monografiya / G.L. Antonyak, V.V. Vlizlo. – L’viv:
LNU named after Ivan Franko, 2013. – 392 p.