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Balance enzymatic antioxidant defense system in pigs under the influence of stress factors

The work is devoted to research estimates informative activity of the antioxidant in the body of pigs on the technological stress.

Reduced activity of enzymatic antioxidant defense system is under stress due to violation of the structure of the enzyme molecule oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation products. The destruction of various enzyme systems in the activation of lipid peroxidation expressed in varying degrees, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased slightly more than superoxide dismutase, explaining the possible decline of indices superoxide dismutase / glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase / catalase under stress for 5–11 %. Ratio of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity indicates internal imbalance enzymatic antioxidant system and reducing the total antioxidant capacity of the body or the whole body. Indices superoxide dismutase / glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase / catalase have high correlation (r = 0.84).

In the antioxidant defense system plays an important role glutathione link (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase), which promotes the preservation of antioxidant homeostasis. Our studies indicate that activation of lipid peroxidation in the process of stress significantly affects the activity glutathione level of antioxidant protection.

After weaning piglets index glutathione / glutathione reductase during the first day does not change significantly despite the lowering enzyme activity an average of 15–16 %. However, the 5 th day after weaning took place decrease of this index by 7 % due to increased activity of glutathione reductase. Technological stress of transfer in the summer camp and re-forming groups had slightly different effect on the index glutathione / glutathione reductase, particularly during the first day this figure significantly increased by 14 % due to a greater decrease in activity of glutathione reductase (24 %) than glutathione (17 %). That is now stress factor causes an imbalance in the system of glutathione level of antioxidant protection.

Oxidative degree of stress depends not only on the level of formation of free radicals, but the speed of recovery, therefore, to determine the degree of stress oxidative developed a number of integrated indicators related content products of lipid peroxidation activation of antioxidant protection. The easiest part is the technical definition of the integral index glutathione / diene conjugates, which some researchers define as the ratio of antioxidant protection. During the process of stress, this figure is reduced by 30–50 % during the first day, indicating a significant imbalance between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity level of antioxidant protection. However, the 5th day after exposure to stressors this figure growing by an average of 1.2 times, indicating that the adaptation to the action of stress factor.

The integral index a factor of antioxidant status, or as it is called antioxidant factor despite high correlation with the index glutathione / diene conjugates (r = 0,9) are more sensitive about the balance of the education system and neutralize radicals. Regardless of the cause of technological stress factor indicator of antioxidant status was significantly lower level of the index glutathione / diene conjugates at 7–21 %.

Stress at weaning accompanied by a significant increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and decrease enzymatic antioxidant defense system level (a measure of the ratio of indices of lipid peroxidation indices to total antioxidant activity of the growing 23 times), which indicates exceptional sensitivity of this indicator compared to previous ones. Technological stress vaccination of animals accompanied by growth of 4.8 times, and transfer the animals to summer camp and reforming groups in the rearing boosted the index 24 times.

Established imbalance in the antioxidant defense system in the body of pigs, the technological stress reduction as indicated by the index superoxide dismutase / glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase / catalase under stress at 5.11 %. During the process of stress reduction coefficient established antioxidant 30–50 %, indicating a significant imbalance between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity level of antioxidant protection. The most informative indicator of relationships in the antioxidant defense system is integrated indicator – ADS (antioxidant defense system) / LP (lipid peroxidation). Weaning is accompanied by a significant increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme system level (indicator ADS / LP increases 23 times), which indicates exceptional sensitivity of this indicator compared to previous ones.

Prospects for future research is to establish indices of activity and balanced antioxidant defense system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in pigs of different types of higher nervous activity.

Key words: integrated indicators, indices, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system, pigs, technological stress.

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