You are here
Cytokine profile of cattle blood serum in the treatment of the hoof sole ulcers
The paper deals with the results of investigation inflammation markers level ‒ IL-1-RA (receptor antagonist IL-1), IL-4, IL-6 cows serum, patients with soles ulcers when performing orthopedic hoof treatment with two methods ‒ local treatment, and complex method ‒ local treatment in combination with the of epidural analgesia 0,2% bupivacaine.
Therapeutic blockade with local anesthetics make analgesic and pathogenetic therapeutic effects on the animal organism, can be successfully used as a component of postoperative analgesia in surgical treatment. Bupivacaine ‒ local anesthetic can be used for epidural analgesia in the postoperative period with the blocking of sensory fibers without loss of motor function.
It makes sense to study using of 0,2% bupivacaine solution in clinical conditions with a therapeutic purpose in surgical diseases of cattle. Determination of the level of interleukins is informative in relation to the study of the course of the inflammation process, the immune status of animals during treatment, and indicates the intensity of regenerative processes in damaged tissues.
The purpose of the research is to determine the state of inflammatory response to the level of serum blood cytokines in cows with hoof sole ulcers for two treatment methods ‒ local in animals of the control group and integrated treatment in animals of the experimental group, which included local treatment with the therapeutic bupivacaine epidural blocks.
In the control group of animals (n=5), only the local treatment. Animals of the experimental group (n=5), conducted an epidural puncture and catheterization between the last sacral and the first caudal vertebrae. The catheter was left in the epidural space. Bupivacaine injection was performed with an analgesic and therapeutic purpose of 0,2 % solution in terms 3 days. After the first injection of bupivacaine, the hoof sole was cleaned and treated locally. As inflammatory markers, the level of IL-1-RA (IL-1 receptor antagonist), IL-4, IL-6 in serum was studied, since the level of these indicators reflects the state of the pro- and anti-inflammatory system. In the course of the research, the obtained results of the control and experimental groups among themselves were compared, with the baseline data before treatment in each group, as well as with the indicators of clinically healthy cows.
We conducted a comparative characteristic of indicators in the application of integrated treatment compared with only local treatment of the site of the lesion. Blood was taken from the tail vein. Stages of research: before orthopedic treatment, after orthopedic treatment in 30 minutes, 3 days, 14 days, 34 days after starting treatment. Blood serum tests were conducted in the Laboratory “Alvis-class”, Kharkiv using the semi-automatic immunoassay analyzer StatFax 303+ (USA).
It was found that the use of a complex treatment method is accompanied by a lower level of inflammatory reaction of the body of cows compared with only local treatments. In animals of both groups, the level of IL-1RA significantly did not change throughout the study period, compared with the rates before treatment, but was significantly different in both groups of diseased animals (p <0,05 and p <0,01) from the indicator of healthy animals, which is associated with the presence of chronic inflammatory process ‒ hoof sole ulcers.
The level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in diseased animals prior to treatment did not differ from that of healthy animals. During treatment in animals in the experimental group, this indicator was significantly increased earlier than in the control group, compared with the baseline (p<0,05) and healthy animals (p<0,01), indicating a gradual activation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine and contributed to the tissues regeneration of affected limbs. However, such changes occurred later in the animals of the control group than in the animals of the experimental group. Dynamics of level IL-4 in animals with ulcerous soles is associated with the activation of recovery processes of damaged tissues, which in the experimental group manifested at earlier times than in the control.
The content of IL-6 diseased animals, which is the main inducer of the acute phase of inflammation, was significantly higher in both animal groups prior to treatment than in healthy animals. In experimental animals in 3 days the level of IL-6 decreased by 5,3 times, in control ‒ by 3,3 times. After 14 and 34 days in both groups there was a further decrease in the level of IL-6. Considering that IL-6 is the main inducer of the acute phase of inflammation it can be difference in IL-6 level in the animals of the experimental and control groups was due to the effect of the therapeutic epidural blockade of bupivacaine, which increased blood circulation, trophic processes in the limb region, which contributed to accelerating the regeneration of damaged tissues.
Key words: hoof sole ulcers, epidural analgesia, bupivacaine, interleukins, IL-1-RA, IL-4, IL-6, cattle.
1. Kerroll, G.L. (2009). Anesteziologiya i analgeziya melkikh domashnikh zhivotnykh. [Anesthesia and analgesia of small pets ] Moscow, Akvarium-Print, 296 p.
2. Sitnik, G., Rodoslav, S., Levin, B. Metody ustraneniya ostroy boli [ Methods to eliminate acute pain]. Retrieved from: http://rsra.rusanesth.com/publ/metodyi-ustraneniya-ostroj-boli.html
3. Drasner, K., Bromage, R., Hughes, C. Choice of Local Anesthetics in Obstetrics. Shnider and Levinson’s Anestesia for Obstetrics. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Williams&Wilkins, 2002, pp. 73–94.
4. Gimelfarb, I., Kusenkov, A., Kornyushenkov, Ye.A. (2011). Blokada perifericheskikh nervov kak alternativa epiduralnoy anestezii pri operativnykh vmeshatelstvakh v oblasti kolennogo sustava u sobak [ Peripheral nerve blocks as an alternative to epidural anesthesia for surgical interventions in the knee areas in dogs]. Mir veterinarii. no 2, pp. 40–44.
5. Silva-Neto, A.B., De Barros., De Rossi. (2011). Gialuronidaza sokrashchaet dlitelnost lyumbosakralnoy epiduralnoy anestezii levobupivakainom u sobak [Hyaluronidase reduces the duration of lumbosacral epidural levobupivacaine in dogs]. Journal of small animal practice [Rossiyskoe izdanie]. Vol. 2, no 3. pp. 20–24.
6. Berezovsjkyj, A.V., Meljnikov A.V., Rublenko S.V. (2013). Zastosuvannja miscevykh anestetykiv u kompleksnomu zneboljuvanni za abdominaljnykh operatyvnykh vtruchanj u sobak [Application of local anesthetics in complex pain relief for abdominal surgical interventions in dogs]. Veterynarna biotekhnologhija [Veterinary biotechnology]. no 22, pp. 505-511.
7. Rauzer, P., Zhanalik, P., Markova, M., Fichtel, T. (2013). Obezbolivanie posle obrabotki periodonta u sobak: sravnenie trekh protokolov analgezii [Anesthesia after treating periodontal disease in dogs: comparing three protogenesis of analgesia]. Sovr. vet. Meditsina [Modern Veterinary Medicine]. no 5, pp. 39–44.
8. Morton, M., Reid, J., Scott, M. (2005). Application of a scaling model to establish and validate an interval level pain scale for assessessment of acute pain in dogs. American journal Veterinary Reseach. Vol. 669 (12), pp. 2154–2166.
9. Rublenko, S.V., Meljnikov, A.V. (2014). Kompleks zakhodiv, napravlenykh na zapobighannja toksychnoji diji miscevykh anestetykiv za reghionarnogho zneboljuvannja u sobak [A complex of entry, directed to the toxicity of toxic anesthesia for regional anesthesia in dogs]. Nauk. visnyk vet. medycyny: zb. nauk. pracj. Bila Cerkva. [Science Bulletin of Veterinary Medicine: Science Bulletin. Bila Tserkva]. no 13, pp. 208‒213.
10. Campoy, L., Flores, M., Ludders, W. (2012). Comparison of bupivacaine femoral and sciatic nerve block versus bupivacaine and morphine epidural for stifle surgery in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 39, pp. 91–98.
11.Smith, L.J. (2013). A comparison of epidural analgesia provided by bupivacaine alone, bupivacaine+morphine, or bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine for pelvic orthopedic surgery in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 40(5),
pp. 527–536.
12.Trumpatori, B.J., Carter, J.E., Hash, J. (2010). Evaluation of a midhumeral block of the radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous and median (RUMM block) nerves for analgesia of the distal aspect of the thoracic limb in dogs. Veterinary Surgery. Vol. 39, pp. 785–796.
13.Watts, A.E., Nixon, A.J., Reesink, H.L. (2011). Continuous peripheral neural blockade to alleviate signs of experimentally induced severe forelimb pain in horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Vol. 238, pp. 1032–1039.
14. Sereda, I.V. (2011). Ispolzovanie neyrostimulyatsii pri blokade perifericheskikh nervov u sobak. [The use of neurostimulation in the blockade of peripheral nerves in dogs]. Rossiyskiy vet. Zhurnal [Russian Veterinary Journal]. no. 4, pp. 26–28.
15. Campoy, L., Flores, M., Ludders, J. (2012). Comparison of bupivacaine femoral and sciatic nerve block versus bupivacaine and morphine epidural for stifle surgery in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 39, pp. 91–98.
16. Segura de, I.A., Paloma, A.M., Murillo, G.F.S., Parodi, E.M. (2009). Analgesic and motor-blocking action of epidurally administered levobupivacaine or bupivacaine in the conscious dog. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 36, pp. 485–494.
17. Wakof, T.I., Mencalha, R., Souza, N.S. (2014). Bupivacaine 0,25 % versus ropivacaine 0,25 % in brachial plexus block in dogs of beagle breed. Schearer Ciências Agrárias, Londrina. Vol. 34(3), pp. 1259–1272.
18. Campagnol, D., Teixeira-Neto, F.J., Monteiro, E.R. (2012). Effect of intraperitoneal or incisional bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 39(4),
pp. 426–430.
19. Ferante, F. Maykl., Timoti, R., Veyd, Bonkora. (1998). Posleoperatsionnaya bol [Postoperative pain]. Moscow, Medicene. 640 p.
20. Barakh Bryus Pol, D., Robert Kullen, F., Stelting, K. Klinicheskaya anesteziya. Ch.3. G.20. [Clinical anesthesia. Part 3 D.20.] Epiduralnaya i spinalnaya anesteziya. [Epidural and spinal anesthesia]. Retrieved from: http://www.airspb.ru/ kanest 06.shtml#1.
21. Morgan-ml. Dzh. Edvard., Mikhail S., Megid., (2000). Klinicheskaya anesteziologiya [Clinical anesthesia]. Moscow BINOM, St. Petersburg: Nevsky Dialect, Vol. 1, 396 p.
22. Slyusarenko, D.V., Іlnіtskiy, M.G. (2015). Diferentsіalna epіduralna blokada 0,17; 0,2; 0,25 % rozchinom bupіvakaіnu u velikoї rogatoї khudobi v eksperimentі. [Diferentsial epidural blockade 0,17; 0.2; 0.25% rozpina bupivacaine have a great horn of thinness in experiments] Vіsnik Zhitomir. nats. agroekol. un-tu: nauk.-teor. zb. [Bulletin of Zhytomyr National Agroeconomic University: Scientific and Theoretica collection]. Zhytomyr, no. 2(50), Vol. 1, pp.354–358
23.Slyusarenko, D.V., (2016). Vikoristannya іnfrachervonoi termometrіi za epіduralnoi blokadi 0,2% bupіvakainom u velikoi rogatoi khudobi [Infrared Thermometry Using An Epithelial Blockade of 0.2% Bupivacaine in Bovine Cattle] Problemi zooіnzhenerії ta veterinarnoї meditsini : zbіrnik naukovikh prats Kharkіvskoї derzh. zooveterinarnoї akademii [Problems of zoinengineering and veterinary medicine: a collection of scientific works of the Kharkiv state. Animal Veterinary Academy] Issue. 32, Part. 2, Vol. 2, Veterinary science, pp.43–46.
24. Khulek, M., (2015). Zdorove kopyt i ukhod za nimi [ Health of hooves and care for them]. Kyiv, OOO «Agrar Medien Ukraine». 145 p.
25.Strokan, A.M., (2012). Regіonarna prolongovana blokada yak adekvatniy metod znebolennya pіslya operatsіy endoprotezuvannya kolіnnogo sugloba u khvorikh pokhilogo vіku: avtoref. dis. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. med. nauk: spets. 14.01.30 “Anestezіologіya ta іntensivna terapіya” [The regional blockade is prolonged as an adequate method of knowledge of the operative endoprosthesis of a collective arrow at the ailments of the abolished curriculum: the author’s abstract of the degree of the candidate of the medical sciences specialty 14.01.30 "Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy"]. Kyiv, 21 p.
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
 visnik_vet-2-2018-slyusarenko_54-59.pdf | 196.26 KB |