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Dynamics of microbiocenosis of gastrointestinal tract of cattle during helminth-protozooznyh invasions

To date, a number of infectious and invasive diseases occupy one of the leading places among the causes causing maximum losses among livestock and economic costs, including: losses from reduced productivity, loss from death, costs for treatment and prevention. It should be noted that both invasive diseases and infectious diseases rarely occur in the form of monotherapy. Most often this is a number of diseases that occur simultaneously and cause the maximum pathogenic effect on the animal's organism. Of all the variety of infectious and invasive diseases, infections and invasions of the gastrointestinal tract are most often recorded.

The gastrointestinal tract of animals is the habitat of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, micromycetes, protozoa. Species diversity is huge. Microbiocenosis of the intestine – the system is very dynamic and capable of drastic changes, especially in the direction of reducing the level of normoflora and increasing the level of opportunistic pathogens. The reasons for these changes are most often: violation in the feeding of animals (the multiplicity of feeding, the amount of feeding, the quality of feed, the composition of feed and the ratio of the main elements in them, the state of watering), the entry and further development of parasites and pathogens (bacteria, viruses, Fungi).

We set a goal – to study the effect of parasitic agents on the composition of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle.

In order to study the helminthofauna of cattle in different age and sex groups of a number of farms, we conducted helminthoscopy (flotation) studies using the Darling and Füllbourne method.

To determine the effect of parasites on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, we sampled the contents of the large intestine. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum, placed in sterile Petri dishes. Then, no later than 2-3 hours after the selection, we took a sample of the content of mass gram and made a series of successive dilutions to 10-11.

When studying the contents of the scar and large intestine, we obtained the following results: both monoinvasions and associations of various parasites cause significant changes in the composition of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. There is a decrease in the level of lacto – and bifidobacteria, which is explained by the fact that the pH of the environment in the intestine changes under the influence of parasites and their toxic secretions. There is also an increase in the level of opportunistic microflora, such as E. coli, aerobic bacilli, fungi of genera Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus. In a significant amount of streptococci, staphylococci, clostridia. Such changes indicate the development of dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract, and directly, in the large intestine.

With monoinvasions and with associative parasitosis, the main indices associated with the vital activity of the simplest scar are significantly different from those of control (healthy) animals. In sick animals, the number of infusorians is reduced and is in the range of 105 to 107 in 1 ml of cicatricial content, whereas in healthy animals the number of infusorians is 108-9 per 1 ml of contents. The motility and species composition of the infusoria are also different: in healthy animals the mobility of infusorians is 8-10 points, the contents of the scar are marked as diverse small forms and species of infusoria, and very large species that play a major role in the breakdown of cellulose. In infested animals, the mobility of the infusorians is significantly low (4-7 points), and the species composition is represented only in small forms, the contents are encystosed infusoria

Key words: association, monoinvasium, parasite, microorganism, microflora, rumen, colon, cattle.

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