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POSTPARTUM UTERINE DISEASES IN DAIRY COWS
Postpartum uterine diseases, including nonspecific uterine infections, reduce the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Up to 55 % of the postpartum cows are diagnosed with, and treated for, uterine infections. Generally, uterine infections cause economic losses due to increased veterinary care costs, deceased milk production and reproductive efficiency, and culling of the affected cows. Clinical uterine disease is characterized by purulent uterine discharge commonly associated with Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes infections. Subclinical uterine disease is associated with increased number of inflammatory cells with or without pathogenic bacteria in the uterus. Impaired reproductive efficiency is mediated by bacterial products (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin) or via inflammatory mediators that disturb sperm, ovarian, uterine and embryo functions. Treatment modalities are aimed at eliminating pathogenic bacteria from the uterus without inhibiting cow’s uterine defense. However, treatment options are often controversial. This review includes criteria for diagnosis, different diagnostic groupings employed to classify uterine infections, choice of drugs and dosing regimens, and antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Further, circulating microRNA dynamics and its association with pregnancy wastage in cows with uterine disease has been discussed.
Key words: uterine diseases, dairy cow, reproduction, Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes infections.
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