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Communicable diseases common to man and animals – current state of the problem
Оne of the signifi cant problems for the veterinary service and for human medicine workers around the world are infectious diseases (parasitic and infectious), common to humans and animals. In most countries, this group of diseases is called “zoonoses,” although in many countries and many researchers this term raises many questions and disagreements. In a number of countries, it is customary to strictly divide them into “zooanthroponoses” and “anthropozoonoses”. However, despite the diff erence in terminology, the importance of zoonotic diseases remains relevant for everyone. Of course, in countries with diff erent climatic, geographical, cultural and gastronomic characteristics, certain diseases will prevail, but their social and economic signifi cance, however, will be similar for everyone. In our work, we wanted in a comparative aspect to show the most signifi cant zoonoses and the dependence of their distribution on climatic, geographical, gastronomic, cultural and a number of other features of the countries. We have carried out work in such countries as the Republic of Belarus, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. In our work, we identifi ed the most signifi cant zoonoses for the above countries and determined the main causes and factors contributing to the emergence and dissemination of these pathologies The studies were carried out using modern research methods, such as epizootological, virological, bacteriological, molecular genetic, statistical. As a result of the studies, it was found that a number of zoonotic diseases, such as rabies, pasteurellosis, tuberculosis, are quite widespread in almost all of these countries, while anthrax, brucellosis, echinococcosis, have a signifi cant diff erence in the intensity of spread, and the immediate causes of this diff erence are both climatic and geographical factors, and features of agriculture, and a number of others.
Key words: zoonoses, infections, infestations, rabies, pasteurellosis, anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis, echinococcosis, cestodoses, trichinosis, ascariasis, cryptosporidiosis.
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