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The specific prevention of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis in parrots
The article presents the immunological aspects of the post-vaccination immunity formation against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis as a response to double vaccination of poultry. The birds were kept together, regardless of age and genus.
Parrots are very popular among the other birds in the world. They are often imported, causing the transfering of common to other exotic birds and poultry diseases, including paramyxovirus infection and infectious bronchitis.
The antibodies to paramyxovirus (serological variants 1, 3 and 5) are often detected in parrots. The changes characteristic to hemorrhagic septicemia are found in the parrots that died of the acute form of the disease. That is why IB, often associated with ND, is an important problem for the decorative poultry industry. They are the most common diseases recorded serologically in the birds having respiratory symptoms.
The diseases cause significant economic losses associated with high rates of death among youngs and persistent decline in the productivity of the adult birds. Distribution of paramyxoviruses and infectious bronchitis in most of European states is prompting for the need of preventive vaccination of poultry in private households in order to create immune zones. Live and inactivated vaccines of different strains are used for specific prevention of Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis in birds. The immunization is the most effective in cockatoos and amazons, but not so well expressed in budgies.
The scientific literature has insufficient data on immunization parrots against ND and IB, especially with vaccines for poultry.
The parrots were immunized with the vaccine Nobilis (Ma 5 + Clone 30). Every dose of the vaccine contains IB (strain Ma-5 3,0 lg EID50) and ND (Clone -30 6,0 lg EID50) virus. Vaccination was carried out twice every 3–4 weeks. The bierds developed immunity within 8 days, the proper tension was kept up to 3 months. The level of antibodies in serum and egg yolk was determined before re-vaccination and 14 days after inoculation.
The outbreaks of paramyxovirus infection were diagnosed at the time of investigation on the amateur farm where parrots were kept. The antibodies to the infectious bronchitis virus have been detected and the virus identified.
There was found the difference between increase rate of antibodies to the ND and IB viruses after vaccination. The antibodies to ND virus in 4–weeks–old chicks after the first vaccination increase to 2,5 log2 and after the second – to 4,0 log2. In adult 1 year-old birds there was recorded marked increase in antibody titre to 3,5 log2, and in 2–year–old – to 2,8 log2 compared with the baseline before vaccination. The antibody level to IB virus was lower comparing to ND. In young parrots antibody level was 6,0 log2, which is higher than the initial – 1,5 log2. In adult birds mean antibody level to the vaccine strain of the virus was 6,0 log2.
The effectiveness of vaccination was also confirmed by observations of parrots for 1,5 years.
The implementation of the developed animal health plan with vaccination the bierds against ND and IB viruses lead to reduction in the bird death by 58,8 %, a 100% decrease in the number of deaths and a 40% increased hatchability of youngs. There was noticed the increase in egg-laying by female parrots up to 25%, the commercial efficacy increased by 29,6%.
The vaccination of parrots against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis with live vaccine Nobilis (Ma-5 + Clone-30) promotes the formation of a high group immunity with a sufficient level of post-vaccination antibody. The vaccination may be used to control the diseases in the danger zone.
Key words: parrot, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis,vaccination.
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