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Detection of Cross-Contamination and Mislabeling in Milk Samples from Karbala City Markets

This study investigates milk authenticity in Karbala’s local markets by assessing mislabeling and cross-contamination using PCR-based species identification targeting the Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. Results revealed discrepancies between labeled and actual milk content, with products marketed as pure buffalo or goat milk frequently containing undeclared cow DNA. These f indings indicate widespread dairy fraud, likely driven by economic incentives to substitute cheaper milk types. Additionally, cross-contamination due to poor hygiene practices in small-scale dairy operations was evident, as some samples contained traces of multiple species. The prevalence of adulterated milk raises serious concerns regarding consumer deception, economic fairness, and public health-particularly for individuals with allergies or religious dietary restrictions. This study underscores the urgent need for stricter regulatory enforcement, improved testing protocols, and better hygiene standards in Iraq’s dairy industry to ensure product authenticity and food safety.

Keyword: cross-contamination, mislabeling, food safety, PCR analysis, counterfeiting, labeling.

HAMEED M.A.K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-3371


ALDAWMY F.A.A-K.K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-5357


MAHDI H.T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-8591


SALMAN A.D. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5880-9051


MUHAMMED H.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-8283


MAJEED M.W.


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Scientific Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2'2025