Ви є тут

Головна » Науковий вісник ветеринарної медицини № 1'2026

Патогенетичні основи та сучасні підходи до фармакотерапії продуктивних тварин за бронхопневмонії

Бронхопневмонія є однією з найпоширеніших патологій дихальної системи тварин. Вона спричиняє значні економічні збитки у тваринництві внаслідок зниження продуктивності, збільшення витрат на лікування та падежу молодняку. У статті представлено узагальнення сучасних уявлень про поширення, етіологію та патофізіологічні механізми розвитку бронхопневмонії тварин. Зокрема висвітлена роль асоціацій мікроорганізмів, гіперпродукції прозапальних цитокінів, оксидативного стресу та гіпоксії тканин у патогенезі бронхопневмонії. Детально розглянуто сучасні напрями фармакотерапії, які базуються на поєднанні етіотропних, патогенетичних і симптоматичних підходів. Особливу увагу приділено комплексному використанню антимікробних препаратів із протизапальними, муколітичними, антиоксидантними та імуномодулюючими засобами. Доведено, що така комплексна терапія має бути спрямована на відновлення функціональної цілісності респіраторної системи та підвищення загальної резистентності організму. Проаналізовано недоліки сучасних схем антибіотикотерапії, зумовлені виникненням антибіотикорезистентності мікроорганізмів та недостатнім урахуванням патофізіологічного стану тварин. Підкреслено важливість впровадження патофізіологічно обґрунтованих та індивідуалізованих підходів до лікування тварин, хворих на бронхопневмонію, які враховують індивідуальну реактивність імунної системи, мікробіом дихальних шляхів і умови утримання тварин. Отримані узагальнення вказують на те, що подальші дослідження мають бути спрямовані на підвищення ефективності терапії, зниження частоти рецидивів і забезпечення стійкого одужання тварин, хворих на бронхопневмонію.

Ключові слова: бронхопневмонія, тварини, патофізіологія, лікування, антибіотикорезистентність, фармакологічні препарати.

ШАГАНЕНКО В.С. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-2962


РУБЛЕНКО С.В. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0678-5497


КОЗІЙ Н.В. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-4390


ШАГАНЕНКО Р.В. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5848-1367


АВРАМЕНКО Н.В. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-1322


ШМАЮН С.С. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-6336


  1. Ackermann, M.R. (2020). Respiratory system. In: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (6th ed.). Elsevier, pp. 458–498.
  2. Kovalenko, V.Yu. (2021). Bronchopneumonia of calves: etiology, pathogenesis and modern approaches to treatment. Scientific works of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. pp. 87–92. (In Ukrainian).
  3. Slivinska, L.G., Demydyuk, S.K., Shcherbaty, A.R., Mazurok, P.S. (2016). Bronchopneumonia of calves: diagnostics and complex therapy. Scientific Bulletin of the Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after S. Z. Gzhytsky. Vol. 18, no. 3 (71), pp. 95–99. (In Ukrainian).
  4. Taylor, J.D. (2010). The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: what is the evidence for predisposing factors? Canadian Veterinary Journal, 51 (10), pp. 1095–1102.
  5. Opriessnig, T., Giménez-Lirola, L.G., Halbur, P.G. (2011). Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs. Animal Health Research Reviews, 12 (2), pp. 133–148.
  6. Maes, D., Sibila, M., Kuhnert, P., Segalés, J., Haesebrouck, F., Pieters, M. (2018). Update on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs: Knowledge gaps for improved disease control. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 65 (1), pp. 110–124.
  7. Holman, D.B., Timsit, E., Alexander, T.W. (2015). The nasopharyngeal microbiota of feedlot cattle that develop bovine respiratory disease. Veterinary Microbiology, 180 (1–2), pp. 90–95.
  8. Earley, B., Buckham Sporer, K., Gupta, S. (2017). Invited review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity, and respiratory disease. Animal, 11 (3), pp. 486–492.
  9. Grandin, T. (2014). Animal welfare and society concerns finding the missing link. Meat Science, 98 (3), pp. 461–469.
  10. Couëtil, L.L., Ward, M.P. (2003). Respiratory diseases of horses. The Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 19 (1), pp. 1–19.
  11. Pusterla, N., Mapes, S. (2011). Respiratory infections in horses. Equine Veterinary Education, 23 (8), pp. 419–426.
  12. Klima, C.L. (2014). Pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex in North America, part 1: Viruses and bacteria. Animal Health Research Reviews, 15 (2), pp. 120–145.
  13. Tegtmeier, C. (2020). Trueperella pyogenes and its role in bovine respiratory infections. Veteri nary Microbiology, 243.
  14. Register, K.B. (2020). Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in animals: Pathogenesis and prevention.Veterinary Microbiology, 250.
  15. Ellis, J.A. (2010). Bovine respiratory syncytial virus: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 26 (2), pp. 463–472.
  16. Griffi th, D.E. (2021). Viral-bacterial interactions in respiratory diseases of cattle and swine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8.
  17. Catry, B., Dewulf, J., Maes, D. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance in livestock. Veterinary Record, 184 (15), pp. 469–475.
  18. FAO. (2021). Impact of animal respiratory diseases on global livestock productivity. Rome: FAO.
  19. Nickell, J.S., White, B.J. (2010). Metaphylactic antimicrobial therapy for bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 26 (2), pp. 285–301.
  20. Bryson, D.G. (2019). The pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease: insights and perspectives. Veterinary Pathology, 56 (2), pp. 187–190.
  21. Coetzee, J.F., Apley, M.D. (2018). Clinical pharmacology of antimicrobial drugs in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 34 (1), pp. 19–39.
  22. Griffin, D. (2010). Bovine respiratory disease: causes, diagnosis, and prevention. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 26 (2), pp. 381–398.
  23. Nicholas, R.A.J., Ayling, R.D. (2003). Mycoplasma bovis: disease, diagnosis, and control. Res Vet Sci.74 (2), pp. 105–112.
  24. Panciera, R.J., Confer, A.W. (2010). Pathogenesis and pathology of bovine pneumonia. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 26 (2), pp. 191–214.
  25. Timsit, E. (2020). Respiratory microbiota and disease in cattle. Vet Res. 51, 52 p.
  26. Horohov, D.W. (2015). Immunopathophysiology of equine pneumonia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 31 (1), pp. 91–104.
  27. McGill, J.L., Sacco, R.E. (2020). The immunology of bovine respiratory disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 36 (2), pp. 333–348.
  28. Yoshioka, M. (2010). Cytokine regulation in bovine pneumonia. J Vet Med Sci., 72 (7), pp. 865–869.
  29. Nasi, A., Dobos, G. (2021). Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 236.
  30. Catry, B. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance in livestock. Vet Res. 47, 11 p.
  31. EMA. Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2020. EMA/58183/2021.
  32. Holman, D.B., Chénier, M.R. (2015). Microbiota of the bovine respiratory tract: composition and impacts on health. Anim Health Res Rev. 16 (2), pp. 79–99.
  33. Kabera, F. (2021). Antibiotic residues in milk and their public health implications. Front Public Health. 9.
  34. Guzman, E. (2019). Innate immune responses in bovine pneumonia. Vet J., 246, pp. 24–31.
  35. Ellis, J.A. (2010). The immunology of respiratory disease in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 26 (2), pp. 491–508.
  36. Tóthová, C., Nagy, O., Kovac, G. (2014). Immunomodulatory therapy in animals with pneumonia. Acta Vet Brno. 83 (1), pp. 45–56.
  37. Gutyj, B. (2020). The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases of animals. Ukr J Vet Sci., 11 (2), pp. 36–44.
  38. Yadav, J.P. (2022). Antioxidant supplementation in bovine respiratory disease: mechanisms and benefi ts. Vet World. 15 (5), pp. 1323–1331.
  39. Toutain, P.L., Bousquet-Mélou, A. (2004). Bioavailability and disposition of antimicrobials in animals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 27 (6), pp. 455–467.
  40. Papich, M.G. (2018). Pharmacokinetic variability of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci. 5, 140 p.
  41. Koziy, N.V. (2004). Pathogenetic justification of the use of nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs for bronchopneumonia in calves: dissertation ... candidate of veterinary sciences: 16.00.01. Bila Tserkva State Agrarian University. Bila Tserkva, 196 p. (In Ukrainian).
  42. Kumar, P., Abbas, A. (2023). Robbins Basic Pathology. 11th ed. Elsevier.
  43. Rahman, I., MacNee, W. (2012). Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lunginflammation. European Respiratory Journal, 16 (3), pp. 534–554.
  44. Berend, N. (2016). Contribution of air pollution to COPD and small airway dysfunction. Respi rology. 21 (2), pp. 237–244.
  45. Sysoiev, V.I., Rudenko, O.S. (2020). Role of oxidative stress in the development of inflammatory processes in the respiratory system of animals. Animal biology, 22 (2), pp. 35–42. (In Ukrainian).
  46. Galli, S.J., Tsai, M. (2019). IgE and mast cells in allergic disease. N. Medicine. 25, pp. 1–12.
  47. Griffi n, D. (2014). Economic impact associated with respiratory disease in beef cattle. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice. 30 (3), pp. 515–528.
  48. Panciera, R.J., Confer, A.W. (2010). Pathogenesis and pathology of bovine pneumonia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 26 (2), pp. 191–214.
  49. Godinho, K.S., Wolf, R., Hannon, S. (2005). Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of tilmicosin in respiratory infections of cattle. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 28 (2), pp. 121–129.
  50. Nickell, J.S., White, B.J. (2010). Antimicrobial use in bovine respiratory disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 26 (3), pp. 335–348.
  51. Giguère, S. (2013). Antimicrobial therapy for respiratory diseases in cattle and horses. The Veterinary Journal, 198 (1), pp. 21–28.
  52. Brown, S.A. (2016). Pharmacology of ceftiofur in domestic animals. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 39 (1), pp. 7–17.
  53. Villarino, N., Brown, S.A., Martín-Jiménez, T. (2014). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of macrolides. Veterinary Journal, 199 (1), pp. 21–37.
  54. Poole, T.L. (2018). Resistance of miahaemolytica and Mannhei Pasteurella multocida to fluoroquinolones. Microbial Drug Resistance. 24 (4), pp. 469–476.
  55. Sweeney, M.T. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine. Microbiology Spectrum. 5 (2).
  56. Ehinger, A.M., Nydam, D.V. (2009). Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in ruminants. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 32 (3), pp. 223–230.
  57. Klima, C.L. (2014). Pathogens involved in bovine respiratory disease complex. Veterinary Microbiology. 172 (1–2), pp. 42–50.
  58. Booker, C.W. (2008). Incidence, clinical characteristics, and pathology of feedlot respiratory disease. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49 (5), pp. 473–481.
  59. Coetzee, J.F. (2007). Aerosol antibiotic therapy in cattle respiratory disease. Veterinary Therapeutics. 8 (4), pp. 293–300.
  60. Paape, M.J. (2015). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Research Communications. 39 (4), pp. 273–286.
  61. Lees, P. (2012). Pharmacodynamics of NSAIDs in animals. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35 (1), pp. 1–17.
  62. Caple, I.W. (2011). Prostaglandin-mediated infl ammation in bovine lungs. Veterinary Pathology. 48 (6), pp. 1085–1093.
  63. Toutain, P.L., Ferran, A. (2014). NSAIDs and renal safety in livestock. Veterinary Journal, 202 (1), pp. 16–24.
  64. König, M. (2019). Mucolytics in veterinary medicine. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 171, pp. 1–9.
  65. Cazzola, M. (2018). β2-agonists and respiratory function in animals. Pulmonary Pharmacology&Therapeutics. 50, pp. 16–25.
  66. Meissner, H.C. (2013). Therapeutic efficacy of mucolytic and bronchodilatory therapy in animal pneumonia. Veterinary Therapeutics. 14 (2), pp. 87–95.
  67. Youssef, D.A., Mohamed, E.A. (2020). Combined mucolytic-antimicrobial therapy in calves with pneumonia. Journal of Animal Science, 98 (7), pp. 311–320.
  68. Tóthová, C., Nagy, O., Kovác, G. (2016). Immunostimulation in calves. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 85 (2), pp. 101–110.
  69. Martelli, P. (2017). Efficacy of bacterial ly ates in preventing respiratory infections in pigs. Veterinary Microbiology. 210, pp. 60–66.
  70. Szelényi, Z. (2018). β-glucans as immunomodulators in veterinary practice. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 200, pp. 12–20.
  71. Roth, J.A. (2011). Immunomodulation in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 144 (3–4), pp. 270–276.
  72. Lemaire, M. (2021). Combination therapy of antibiotics and immunostimulants in bovine respiratory disease. Animals. 11 (9), 2611 p.
  73. Plyvanyuk, E.V., Kasprov, R.V., Lishchuk, S.G., Dobrovolskyi, V.A. (2021). Blood parameters of patients with bronchopneumonia of calves under conditions of intensifi cation of free radical oxidation. Agrarian Bulletin of the Black Sea Region. no. 100, pp. 93–99. (In Ukrainian).
  74. Chauhan, S.S. (2014). Nutritional antioxidants in livestock health. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 199, pp. 1–17.
  75. Surai, P.F. (2018). Selenium and vitamin E in animal health and disease. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31 (7), pp. 1057–1070.
  76. Hassan, A. (2019). Protective effects of vitamin E and selenium in calves with pneumonia. Veterinary World. 12 (4), pp. 567–573.
  77. De Oliveira, V.M. (2020). Metabolic therapy in livestock respiratory diseases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 34 (3), pp. 1034–1045.
  78. Step, D.L. (2018). Combination pharmacotherapy in bovine respiratory disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 34 (1), pp. 171–186.
  79. McGill, J.L. (2020). Integrative approaches to treatment of respiratory diseases in livestock. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7, 557 p.
  80. Ghafar, A. (2021). Nanotechnology in veterinary antimicrobial therapy. Veterinary Research. 52 (1), 120 p.
  81. Kannan, R. (2022). Liposomal antibiotic formulations for respiratory infections in animals. Veterinary Drug Delivery Journal, 4 (2), pp. 87–99.
  82. Timsit, E., Bareille, N., Seegers, H., Assié, S. (2021). Factors associated with herd-level pneumonia in veal calves in France. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 194.
  83. Maunsell, F., Woolums, A.J. (2022). Respiratory disease in dairy heifers. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, Vol. 38, pp. 231–247.
  84. Michael, G.B., Kadlec, K., Sweeney, M.T., Brzuszkiewicz, E., Schwarz, S. (2020). Mobilome and resistome analysis of Pasteurella multocida. BMC Genomics, Vol. 21, 846 p.
  85. Ferguson, D.D., Smith, G.W. (2019). Antimicrobial therapy of bovine respiratory disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, Vol. 35, pp. 107–125.
  86. Patel, S., Ahmed, R. (2021). Phage therapy in veterinary medicine: A promising alternative. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 12, 703 p.
  87. Filioussis, G., Kachrimanidou, M., Papadopoulos, T. (2022). Use of antioxidants in veterinary respiratory disease. Animals, Vol. 12 (4), 485 p.
  88. Gores, E.J., Reichardt, L.V., Jones, C.B. (2020). Role of oxidative stress in bovine pneumonia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol. 34, pp. 1768–1777.
  89. Conlon, B.P., Rowe, S.E., Lewis, K. (2022). Persister cells and tolerance in veterinary pathogens. Microbiology Spectrum, Vol. 10 (3).
  90. Oliveira, V.H.S. (2023). Modulation of Toll-like receptors in veterinary respiratory diseases. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 10.
  91. Abdelwhab, E.M. (2023). Advances in veterinary vaccines: From classical to mRNA technologies. Vaccines, Vol. 11 (2), 321 p.
  92. Das, S. (2022). Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in veterinary medicine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 9.
  93. Abd El-Aziz, N.K. (2021). Nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents in animal health. Veterinary World, Vol. 14 (9), pp. 2410–2420.
  94. Dekker, A. (2021). Omics technologies in veterinary research: From data to diagnostics. Veterinary Research, Vol. 52, 116 p.
  95. Noyes, N.R. (2022). Integrating metagenomics into veterinary medicine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 9.
  96. Grandin, T. (2020). Improving Animal Welfare: A Practical Approach. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
  97. Kikusui, T., Takeuchi, Y., Mori, Y. (2021). Animal models of social stress: Pathophysiological relevance. ILAR Journal, Vol. 62 (4), pp. 470–481.
ДолученняРозмір
PDF icon shaganenko_1_2026_.pdf959.08 КБ
Науковий вісник ветеринарної медицини № 1'2026