You are here
Safety and quality of natural bee honey produced under different trademarks as sold in supermarkets
Against the background of the globalization of economic relations between countries, the activation of international trade is becoming urgent. In view of this, one of the main tasks for Ukraine as a member of the WTO and in connection with the prospect of its accession to the EU is the harmonization of national regulatory and legal requirements with international ones in the field of food safety and quality. The purpose of the research is to assess the safety and quality of honey of various types of individual domestic producers and to develop express, efficient methods for determining the quality of honey using the POCKET-PAL-3 refractometer and the safety of honey for establishing its adulteration with sodium hydrogen carbonate, alkaline detergents using indicators, as well as beet sugar by microscopy. The object of the study was the assessment of organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological parameters of natural bee honey of different botanical origins and varieties and detection of its adulteration, which was sold in supermarkets from various domestic manufacturers under the following trademarks. Analytical, organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological, radiological, statistical methods of research were used to implement the research goal. Honey produced by different manufacturers according to organoleptic indicators: appearance, color, consistency, smell and taste, met the requirements of DSTU 4497:2005, except for sample №. 3, in which a discrepancy in taste was found. At the same time, according to physical and chemical parameters, honey samples №. 1, 2, 4 and 5 met the requirements of DSTU 4497:2005, except for sample №. 3 - by mass fraction of sucrose (to anhydrous substance) - 6.48±0.04 %, which did not meet the requirements of the current DSTU, the increase was 8.00 %. According to microbiological parameters and specific activity of Cs-137, it was established that all honey samples met the requirements of the national standard of Ukraine (DSTU 4497:2005). Tests were conducted to detect the adulteration of honey with sodium bicarbonate using the bromocresol green indicator, alkaline detergents using the chrome dark blue indicator, and beet sugar adulteration. For the express determination of the qualitative indicator - the mass fraction of honey, we used the POCKET-PAL-3 refractometer (Poland) for the first time. So, for the first time, we used the POCKET-PAL-3 refractometer (Poland) for the express determination of the mass fraction of water, which provides an opportunity to determine the mass fraction of dry matter with the subsequent calculation of the mass fraction of water, which ensures the reliability of the obtained indicators in 99.9 % compared to the indicators, established using a URL refractometer (model 1) in accordance with the requirements of DSTU 4497, and for the first time, patented methods of establishing the adulteration of honey with sodium bicarbonate, alkaline detergents were applied, the probability of the obtained indicators was 99.9 %, as well as adulteration with beet sugar by the microscopy method.
Key words: natural honey, honey production capacity, organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological parameters, safety, quality, consumer.
- Adamchuk, L.O., Sukhenko, V.Yu., Gengalo, N.O., Akulonok, I.I. (2019). Doslidzhennja diastaznogo chysla ukrai'ns'kyh mediv [Study of the diastase number of Ukrainian honeys]. Novitni tehnologii' [New technologies]. Issue 2 (9), рр. 77-86.
- Adamchuk, L.O., Silonova, N.B., Sukhenko, V.Yu., Pylypko, K.V. (2020). Normatyvne reguljuvannja pokaznykiv bezpechnosti ta jakosti medu [Normative regulation of honey safety and quality indicators]. Animal science and food technology. Vol. 11, no. 4, рр. 67-76. ISSN 2706-8331. DOI:10.31548/animal 2020.04.005.
- Dukhnytskyi, B.V., Dukhnytskyi, V.B. (2020). Ocinka roli Ukrai'ny na svitovomu rynku medu [Assessment of the role of Ukraine in the global honey market]. Ekonomika APK [Economy of agro-industrial complex]. no. 2, рр. 77–84. DOI:10.32317/2221- 1055.202002077.
- Bogatko, N.M., Lotskin, I.M., Yatsenko, I.V., Bogatko, A.F. (2021). Sposib vyjavlennja fal'syfikacii' medu natriju gidrokarbonatom iz zastosuvannjam bromkrezolovogo zelenogo: pat. № 148885 Ukrai'ny, MPK G01N 33/02 (2006.01). № u 2021 00993; zajavl. 01.03.2021; opubl. 29.09.2021, Bjul. № 39. [The method of detection of falsification of sodium bicarbonate honey with the use of bromocresol green: patent No. 148885 of Ukraine, IPC G01N 33/02 (2006.01). №. u 2021 00993; statement 01.03.2021; published 09/29/2021, Vol. №. 39.].
- Bogatko, A.F., Bogatko, N.M., Dudus, T.V., Pitsik, T.A. (2021). Sposib vyjavlennja fal'syfikacii' medu luzhnymy myjnymy zasobamy iz zastosuvannjam hromovogo temno-syn'ogo: pat. Ukrai'ny na korysnu model' 147997, MPK G01N 33/02 (2006.01), № u 2021 01206; zajavl. 11.03.2021; opubl. 23.06.2021, Bjul. № 25. 4 s [The method of detecting adulteration of honey with alkaline detergents using chrome dark blue. Ukrainian utility model patent 147997, IPC G01N 33/02 (2006.01), №. u 2021 01206; statement 11.03.2021; published 06/23/2021, Vol. №. 25. 4 p].
- Bogatko, N.M., Salata, V.Z., Dashkovskyi, O.S., Bogatko L.M., Bogatko, D.L. (2018). Gigijena ta ekspertyza medu ta apiproduktiv: naukovo-metodychni rekomendacii' dlja sluhachiv pisljadyplomnogo navchannja kerivnykiv i specialistiv veterynarnoi' medycyny ta studentiv za special'nistju 211 «Veterynarna medycyna» ta 212 «Veterynarna gigijena, sanitarija i ekspertyza» [Hygiene and examination of honey and apiproducts: scientific and methodical recommendations for postgraduate training of managers and specialists in veterinary medicine and students in the specialty 211 "Veterinary Medicine" and 212 "Veterinary Hygiene, Sanitation and Expertise"]. Lviv, 70 p.
- Med natural'nyj. Tehnichni umovy: DSTU 4497:2005. [Chynnyj vid 2005-12-28]. [Honey is natural. Technical conditions: DSTU 4497:2005. [Effective from 2005-12-28]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhivstandard of Ukraine, 2007. 21 p. (National Standard of Ukraine).
- Permissible levels of radionuclides 137 Cs and 90 Sr in food and drinking water. GN 6.6.1.1-130-2006. Approved by order No. 256 of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated May 3, 2006.
- Zakon Ukrai'ny «Pro veterynarnu medycynu»: Postanova Verhovnoi' Rady Ukrai'ny vid 04.02.2021 № 3318 [Law of Ukraine "On Veterinary Medicine". Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated February 4, 2021 №. 3318.].
- «Pro osnovni pryncypy ta vymogy do bezpechnosti ta jakosti harchovyh produktiv»: Zakon Ukrai'ny VR Ukrai'ny za № 1602-VII vid 22.07. 2014 r., ostannja redakcija vid 21.12. 2017 r., № 2264-VIII ["On basic principles and requirements for the safety and quality of food products": Law of Ukraine Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine under No. 1602-VII dated July 22. 2014, the latest edition dated 12.21. 2017, №. 2264-VIII].
- Lyaluk, A. (2020). Problemy fal'syfikacii' harchovyh produktiv ta shljahy i'i' podolannja [Problems of falsification of food products and ways to overcome them]. Ekonomichnyj chasopys Shidnojevropejs'kogo nacional'nogo universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrai'nky [Economic Journal of Lesya Ukrainka East European National University], рр. 108–116. DOI:10.29038/2411- 4014-2020-01-108-116.
- Pro bdzhil'nyctvo: Zakon Ukrai'ny vid 22.02. 2000 №1492-III. Data onovlennja: 29.09.2013 №442- VII. [On beekeeping: Law of Ukraine dated February 22. 2000 No. 1492-ІІІ. Date of update: 09/29/2013 No. 442-VII.]. Available at: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1492-14 (date of application 07.11.2022).
- Pravyla veterynarno-sanitarnoi' ekspertyzy medu ta inshyh produktiv bdzhil'nyctva. Nastanova 75.12.12-37-100:2006: zatverdzheno Ministerstvom agrarnoi' polityky Ukrai'ny, 2006 [Rules of veterinary and sanitary examination of honey and other beekeeping products. Instruction 75.12.12-37- 100:2006: approved by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, 2006].
- Reguljuvannja Rady JeS № 797/2004 vid 26.04.2004 r. Pro miry polipshennja zagal'nyh umov dlja vyrobnyctva i marketyngu produktiv bdzhil'nyctva [EU Council Regulation No. 797/2004 dated 04/26/2004 On measures to improve general conditions for the production and marketing of beekeeping products].
- Reguljuvannja Komisii' JeS № 917/2004 vid 29.04. 2004 r. Pro detal'ni pravyla vykonannja Reguljuvannja Rady JeS № 797/2004, pro dii' v oblasti bdzhil'nyctva [Regulation of the EU Commission №. 917/2004 dated 29.04. 2004 on detailed rules for the implementation of EU Council Regulation No. 797/2004, on actions in the field of beekeeping].
- SOU 01.25-37-371:2005. Veterynarno-sanitarna ekspertyza medu ta produktiv bdzhil'nyctva. Porjadok provedennja. [Chynnyj vid 2006–01-01]. [SOU 01.25-37-371:2005. Veterinary and sanitary examination of honey and beekeeping products. Conducting procedure. [Effective from 2006–01-01]. K: Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, 2005. 6 p. (Standard of the organization of Ukraine).
- DSTU ISO 4833:2006. Mikrobiologija harchovyh produktiv i kormiv dlja tvaryn. Goryzontal'nyj metod pidrahunku mikroorganizmiv. Tehnika pidrahuvannja kolonij za temperatury +30°S. (ISO 4833:2003, IDT). [Chynnyj vid 2007–10-01]. [DSTU ISO 4833:2006. Microbiology of food products and animal feed. Horizontal method of counting microorganisms. Colony counting technique at +30°C (ISO 4833:2003, IDT). [Effective from 2007–10-01]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhivstandard of Ukraine, 2008. 11 p.
- DSTU ISO 6887-1:2003. Mikrobiologija harchovyh produktiv i kormiv dlja tvaryn. Gotuvannja doslidzhuvanyh prob, vyhidnoi' suspenzii' ta desjatykratnyh rozveden' dlja mikrobiologichnogo doslidzhennja. Chastyna 1. Zagal'ni pravyla gotuvannja vyhidnoi' suspenzii' ta desjatykratnyh suspenzij (ISO 6887-1:1999, IDT). [Chynnyj vid 2004–01-01]. [DSTU ISO 6887- 1:2003. Microbiology of food products and animal feed. Preparation of researched samples, initial suspension and tenfold dilutions for microbiological research. Part 1. General rules for preparation of initial suspension and tenfold suspensions. (ISO 6887-1:1999, IDT). [Effective from 2004–01-01]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhivstandard of Ukraine, 2004. 10 p.
- DSTU ISO 21528-1:2014. Mikrobiologija harchovyh produktiv i kormiv dlja tvaryn. Goryzontal'nyj metod vyjavlennja i pidrahuvannja enterobakterij (Enterobacteriaceae). Chastyna 1. Vyjavlennja ta pidrahuvannja za metodykoju NICh z poperednim zbagachennjam (ISO 21528-1:2004, IDT). [Chynnyj vid 2015–07-01]. [DSTU ISO 21528-1:2014. Microbiology of food products and animal feed. Horizontal method of detection and counting of enterobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae). Part 1. Detection and counting by the NIGHT method with preliminary enrichment. (ISO 21528- 1:2004, IDT). [Effective from 2015–07-01]. Kyiv: SE "UkrNDNC", 2015. 15 p.
- DSTU ISO 6579:2006. Mikrobiologija harchovyh produktiv i kormiv dlja tvaryn. Metodyka vyjavlennja Salmonella spp.» (ISO 6579:2002, IDT). [Chynnyj vid 2008–06-12]. [DSTU ISO 6579:2006. Microbiology of food products and animal feed. Methods of detection of Salmonella spp." (ISO 6579:2002, IDT). [Effective from 2008–06-12]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhivstandard of Ukraine, 2008. 23 p.
- DSTU ISO 7954:2006. Mikrobiologija harchovyh produktiv i kormiv dlja tvaryn. Zagal'ni nastanovy z pidrahunku drizhdzhiv i mikroskopichnyh grybiv. Tehnika pidrahuvannja kolonij, kul'tyvovanyh za temperatury 25 °S (ISO 7954:1987, IDT). [Chynnyj vid 2007-10-01]. [DSTU ISO 7954:2006. Microbiology of food products and animal feed. General guidelines for counting yeast and microscopic fungi. The technique of counting colonies cultivated at a temperature of 25°C. (ISO 7954:1987, IDT). [Effective from 2007-10-01]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhivstandard of Ukraine, 2007. 10 p.
- Pambuk, S.A., Martirosyan, I.A., Kruglyak, Yu.O. (2019). Shljahy garmonizacii' ukrai'ns'kyh ta mizhnarodnyh vymog do jakosti medu [Ways of harmonizing Ukrainian and international requirements for honey quality]. Tovaroznavchyj visnyk [Commodity Bulletin]. Kyiv, Vol. 12. рр. 37–48. (in Ukraine).
- Yatsenko, I.V., Lotskin, I.M., Bogatko, N.M., Yevstafieva, V.O., Mazanna, M.G., Degtyarev, M.O. (2021). Yjavlennja fal'syfikacii' medu domishkoju natriju gidrokarbonatu iz zastosuvannjam indykatora bromtymolovogo syn'ogo [Detection of adulteration of honey with an admixture of sodium bicarbonate using the bromothymol blue indicator]. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine. 9 (3), pp. 135-139. DOI:10.32819/2021.93021
- Almasaudi, S. (2021). The antibacterial activities of honey. Saudi J Biol Sci., 28, pp. 2188–2196. DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.017.
- Giovanni, C. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Honey Samples from Ukraine / Received: 2 November Accepted: 17 November. Published: 20 November 2020.
- Bernklau, E., Bjostad, L., Hogeboom, A., Carlisle, A., Arathi, H. (2019). Dietary phytochemicals, honey bee longevity and pathogen tolerance. Insects. 10. 14 p. DOI:10.3390/insects10010014.
- Berenbaum, M.R., Calla, B. (2020). Honey as a functional food for Apis mellifera. Annu Rev Entomol. 66. pp. 185–208. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-040320-074933.
- Brudzynski, K. (2021). Honey as an ecological reservoir of antibacterial compounds produced by antagonistic microbial interactions in plant nectars, honey and honey bee. Antibiotics. 10:551. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050551.
- Ferreiro-González, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Guillén-Cueto, L., Palma, M., Barroso, C.G., Barbero, G.F. (2018). Rapid quantification of honey adulteration by visible-near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Talanta. 188, рp. 288–292. DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.095.
- Machado De-Melo, A.A., Bicudo de Almeida-Muradian, L., Sancho, M.T., Pascual-Maté, A. (2018). Composition and properties of Apis mellifera honey: A review. Journal of Apicultural Research, Vol. 57, Issue 1, рр. 5–37.
- Mitton, G.A., Szawarski, N., Mitton, F.M., Iglesias, A., Eguaras, M.J., Ruffinengo, S.R. (2020). Impacts of dietary supplementation with p-coumaric acid and indole-3-acetic acid on survival and biochemical response of honey bees treated with tau-fluvalinate. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 189:109917. DOI:10.1016/j. ecoenv.2019.109917.
- Nolan V.C., Harrison J., Cox J.A.G. (2019). Dissecting the antimicrobial composition of honey. Antibiotics. 8:251. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040251.
- Combarros-Fuertes, P., Fresno, J.M., Estevinho, M.M., Sousa-Pimenta, M., Tornadijo, M.E., Estevinho, L.M. (2020). Honey: another alternative in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria? Antibiotics. 9, pp. 1–21. DOI:10.3390/ antibiotics9110774.
- Cilia, G., Fratini, F., Marchi, M., Sagona, S., Turchi, B., Adamchuk, L., Felicioli, A., Kačániová, M. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Honey Samples from Ukraine. Veterinary Sciences. 7, 181 p. DOI:10.3390/ vetsci7040181
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
lyasota_1_2023.pdf | 541.33 KB |